By Robbin Laird

Earlier this year, in a visit with Vice Admiral Miller, the US Navy’s Air Boss, I was introduced to the coming of MISR, or the Maritime ISR Officer.

MISR officers are trained as ISR subject matter experts to operate at the fleet or CSG level and to work the sensor fusion for the integratable CVW.

According to the Air Boss: “I think of MISR as additive, not lessening of TOPGUN, but instead akin to a new phase which builds upon our historical experience in the development of TOPGUN in the first place.”

In effect, these are “6th generation officers” in the sense of working the C2/ISR capabilities which enable an integrated and distributed fleet to have its maximum combat impact.

I followed this introduction to MISR up over the past two months with discussions with officers from the Naval Aviation Warfighting Center or NAWDC with regard to how the focus on training for the integrateable air wing was shaping the way ahead. Two new warfighting training courses reflect the change.

The first is the information warfare training course which is focused on dynamic targeting.

And the second is MISR which is focused on providing the connective tissue between the operational platforms working as a integrated force to deliver the dynamic targeting effect.

The MISR effort is clearly a work in progress, but is laying the foundation for what is clearly ongoing innovations with regard to connectivity among platforms and how C2 is delivered at the tactical edge and aggregated into strategic decision making as well.

MISR is both a capability here now, but a dynamic driver for how to change the force as new ISR capabilities are added to the force, such as Triton and the upcoming revolutions in maritime remotes.

If one does not learn how to change the culture of how ISR is used and C2 redesigned then adding new ISR rich platforms or new ISR capabilities will not have the desired combat effect.

From this perspective MISR is an innovation, a new foundational element, and a plank holder in the strategic shift for force structure integratability, notably to deliver the desired political and combat effects necessary to prevail in the new strategic environment of engaging in full spectrum crisis management and escalation control and dominance.

Recently, I interviewed CDR Pete “Two Times” Salvaggio, Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (NAWDC), Maritime ISR (MISR) Weapons School, Department Head (DH), MISR & EP-3E Weapons and Tactics Instructor (WTI).

The career of this officer spans the period prior to MISR, the creation of MISR and the maturation of the MISR and Minotaur initiatives.

The officers involved in the MISR Weapons School are the seed corn for the strategic change which MISR is introducing.

And during my visit to Jax Navy during the week of June 14^th, I had a chance to talk with the first MISR officer deployed to the fleet, LCDR Tracy Maddox.

Her call sign is “Mad Dog” and is as she described herself a “VQ” person by trade and an EP-3 operator.

She became a MISR officer through her engagement at NAWDC and worked with “Two Times” there as well.  She was involved in the standing up of the MISR cell at NAWDC which has now become a full warfighting course. She now is with VPU-2, a heralded squadron in the US Navy involved in “special projects.”

An October 2, 2018 article by Richard Burgess of Seapower Magazine highlighted the squadron as follows:

The Navy has established a new unit to sustain a special mission capability in its maritime patrol community with the coming retirement of the P-3 Orion aircraft.

A Sept. 10 internal directive from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations directed the establishment on that date of Fleet Support Unit One at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, one of two sites that serve as home bases for the Navy’s P-8A Poseidon maritime patrols aircraft.

According to the directive, Fleet Support Unit One “will configure and operate P-8 aircraft to provide a follow-on special mission capability in place of [special] projects patrol squadron (VPU) P-3 aircraft due to sundown in 2019.”

The mission of the unit will be to provide “oversight, training, operations, maintenance, and configuration management for the P-8 quick reaction capability aircraft,” according to the directive.

Fleet Support Unit One will have an officer in charge rather than a commanding officer, who will report to commander, Patrol Reconnaissance Wing 11, at Jacksonville.

The Navy’s sole VPU squadron, VPU-2, operates several specially configured P-3C Orion aircraft from Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The squadron is scheduled for deactivation in fiscal 2019 in concert with the phase-out of the P-3C from operational active-duty patrol squadrons.

LCDR Maddox noted that the EP-3 community works closely with the USAF, so this has carried over for the MISR community and in terms of NAWDC working with Nellis as well.

But she clearly highlighted the challenges to getting the USAF and the USN to work fully together in shaping enhanced integratabilty but clearly the MISR standup was an important step in moving in that direction.

LCDR Maddox was posted to the USS George H. W. Bush CSG-2 under the command of Rear Admiral Kenneth Whitesell, now Deputy Commander of the US Pacific Fleet and soon to be the next commander of Naval Air Forces and and commander of Naval Air Force Pacific

During that deployment, the Admiral explored ways that a MISR approach could enhance the lethality of the fleet.

The experience shaped a demand side as well where as Vice Admiral Miller put it, there is desire to have MISR officers in every carrier strike group and at the fleet level as well.

And technology needs to be shaped to allow for this kind of innovation.

A case in point is Minotaur.

As Rear Admiral Garvin put it: “The Minotaur Track Management and Mission Management system was developed in conjunction with the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

“Minotaur was designed to integrate sensors and data into a comprehensive picture which allows multiple aircraft and vessels to share networked information.

“It is basically a data fusion engine and like many software capabilities these days, doesn’t physically have to present on a platform to be of use.

“These capabilities ride on a Minotaur web where, if you are on the right network, you can access data from whatever terminal you happen to be on.”

LCDR Maddox underscored from her point of view that bringing the various wave forms into a single screen via Minotaur allows those data streams to come together and to shape a common operating picture.

She underscored that with different assets using different operating pictures the full value of the ISR streams was not being realized.

“With the Minotaur web everyone has access to the same COP regardless of whether you are airborne or onboard a ship.”

In my view, the MISR incorporation in the fleet, plus the coming of Triton are opening the aperture in understanding of how to widen the scope of what a fleet can achieve within the extended battlespace.

And this is clearly a cultural shift as well.

As LCDR Maddox put it: “It’s a very different mindset shift.”

With regard to the carrier strike groups, the core focus has been upon the fast jets and kill chains.

But with the ISR/C2 revolution and the ability to do third party targeting, the kill web is becoming a reality.

But this means that the Admirals who have come through the fast jet community are facing the challenge of changing their approach as well to incorporate MISR and dynamic targeting, ultimately in a joint capability environment.

In my view, the standing up of MISR is significant in and of itself, but lays a foundation for the way ahead.

And quite an honor to meet the first MISR officer assigned to a carrier strike group.

This is also a significant generational change as the digital natives become more prevalent within the fleet, and who experienced rapid apps upgrades and want to see the same being delivered in terms of knowledge to the fleet operating in a dynamic combat environment.

By Robbin Laird

The US Navy is in the throes of reworking its capability to prevail in the high-end fight while ensuring its ability to engage in full spectrum crisis management.

There is no clearer proof of this judgment than the latest efforts at the Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (NAWDC).

Most people know this as TOPGUN and envisage Tom Cruise-type characters preparing for air combat somewhere in global conflict.

But today’s NAWDC is focused not simply on training for the integrated air wing, but the integratable air wing engaging in leveraging and enhancing fleet-wide operations and working closely with joint and coalition force partners.

As the center of excellence for Naval aviation training and tactics development, the Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center or NAWDC works to ensure an effective, integrated, and lethal force to prevail against increasingly sophisticated adversaries.

In a way, with the coming of a new generation of aircraft, Advanced Hawkeye, Triton, P-8, MQ-25 and F-35, the reach of the carrier air wing is beyond the range of the integrated air wing.

And NAWDC is an epicenter of practical ways to build out today’s navy into an effective integrated distributed force capable of operating as interactive kill webs delivering effective strike, defense, and deterrence against adversaries in the global “commons,” as it used to be called.

Over the past few weeks, I have had the chance to have a series of teleconferences with the department heads at NAWDC prior to my visit to the desert-based air wing during the week of July 5^th. I will provide articles based on discussions during that week later this summer.

But in this article, I would like to focus on my discussion with the CO of NAWDC, Rear Admiral Richard Brophy.

I would note that after my time in the desert, I flew to San Diego where I had a chance to meet with the Navy’s Air Boss, Vice Admiral Miller, and to talk with the new commander of the Osprey squadrons coming into the Navy as well as to a senior Romeo commander as well.

The discussion with Rear Admiral Brophy started with a simple question: “Obviously, NAWDC is in significant change, and your job seems to be to expand the dialogue between NAWDC and the rest of naval warfighting centers as well as the USAF and the USMC and with allies. How would you describe your job?”

Rear Admiral Brophy: “Admiral Miller gave me the following charge when I took command: ‘Snap’, when you go there get us in a great power competition mindset. From a wholly-integrated perspective, look at what we need to do at NAWDC in order to win the next fight.’”

“And to do this he emphasized that my job was to pursue holistic training with the Navy and to work with other U.S. warfighting centers and key allies.”

In other words, NAWDC is focused on training the integratable air wing.

And as my earlier interviews have highlighted, the platform-centered warfighting courses have focused more broadly on the coming of new capabilities and integratability as well as two new non-platform centric warfighting courses having been established, namely, MISR and Information Warfare.

During my visit, several key developments stood out.

First, there is a re-imaging of the carrier going on associated with the return to blue water operations and rethinking how the carrier works with the fleet to deliver enhanced expeditionary reach that the carrier air wing can support.

This has meant a growing working role with the Marines, who in Rear Admiral Brophy’s words “have significant experience and expertise with expeditionary operations, and with whom we can collaborate to develop new concepts of operations.”

Rear Admiral Brophy underscored that there was clearly an enhanced working relationship with MAWTS-1 at Yuma MCAS going on as a result.

Second, this has meant that the US Navy and the USAF are establishing new ways to work more effectively together.

Earlier this year, the USAF sponsored WESTPAC.

As we noted earlier about WESTPAC: “The USAF led a joint exercise in January 2020 focused on the Western Pacific. The exercise had the stated purpose of distributing airpower throughout the operational area and working integratability to shape the desired combat effect.”

Rear Admiral Brophy noted about WESTPAC: “The USAF invited NAWDC to the exercise to represent the Navy, and we went with a full complement which included surface and subsurface officers.

“The co-chair of the WESTPAC working group was a Surface Warfare Officer who had a clear notion that we need to look beyond what the Navy brought to the fight in order to be effective in our Pacific mission.”

Third, the theme of integratability beyond the carrier air wing is a key one being worked at NAWDC.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “From a training standpoint, we work from the perspective of ‘it is not going to be a carrier strike group that wins the next fight on its own, it’s going to be an integrated joint force that wins the next fight.’

“We’ve really broadened our aperture.

“Everything we do here now is based off of a single lens: does it move the needle for great power competition or not?”

Fourth, an integrated training center has been built from the ground up to support the integratable air wing to train in the kill web space.

After the interview we toured the new facility which consists of two buildings.

The first building is a meeting center with areas for working groups to meet at various levels of security within a global teleconferencing framework, as the need demands. This building can allow for scenario generation, assessment of findings and evaluations from the physical test range, or utilization of the simulated test range that is contained in the second building

The second building houses multiple simulators for different platforms being flown by the fleet. As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “We’re going to put in an entire Air Wing’s and strike group’s worth of simulators.”

The focus is not only on platform learning, but significantly, working in an integratable environment. Those specific simulators, continued in various rooms in the building, can be linked with outside simulation facilities as well.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it about the new facilities and their contribution: “The Integrated Training Building will be the future of virtual and constructive training for the majority of naval aviation.

“Not only will we provide cutting-edge training in Fallon, but fleet concentration areas will be able to train remotely with the Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) at NAWDC in a virtual, constructive environment at any time, day or night.”

Fifth, even with the new facility, changes are necessary with the physical ranges to adjust to the high-end training of fifth generation warfare.

There are requests in to adjust the ranges to accommodate the kind of targeting challenges which the high-end air arm needs to train for to prevail in the high-end fight.

“Fallon is the only United States Navy facility where an entire air wing can conduct comprehensive training while integrating every element of air warfare.

“While aircraft and weaponry have evolved substantially in the last several decades, the ranges at Fallon have not changed significantly in size since 1962.

“Our naval aviators use the desert skies to learn critical warfighting skills necessary to defend our nation and preserve our way of life from those who would want to cause us harm.

To that end, we are working with the local community, as well as natural and cultural resource experts, to find a way forward together to expand the range.”

Sixth, a measure of the change at NAWDC has been the generation of working groups based at NAWDC that reach out to the fleet to devise and implement new ways to operate in the evolving strategic situation. COVID-19 has slowed down this process, but the trajectory is clear.

For example, in the first quarter of this year, NAWDC sponsored work with the other Navy warfighting centers to address the question of fleet-wide TTPs to execute maritime strike.

The purpose here is clearly to think beyond the classic airwing focus to a wider integratable air wing in support of fleet-wide operations.

Clearly, the new infrastructure highlighted above would be a key asset in shaping such new TTPs for the fleet and its integratability into the joint and coalition force.

Seventh, the new MISR or Maritime ISR warfighting center is managing an important new Navy exercise, Resolute Hunter, which is focused on the evolving role of ISR and sensor networks in guiding C2 and integrated operations going forward.

The second such exercise will be held in November of this year, and will include Australians, Brits, Marines, and the USAF.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “In the Resolute Hunter exercise, we are really looking hard at the Kill Web aspect and focusing on utilizing every asset that’s out there to ensure that we’re the most effective warfighting force we possibly can be.”

Taken together, the work of MISR, the Information Warfare program, Resolute Hunter, and the work with the Marines and the USAF, highlights the challenge and opportunity for shaping a Maritime Squadron Targeting Concept.

This is a clear expression that NAWDC and the Navy are focusing on ways to leverage an integratable air wing for the fleet, and for the joint and coalition force.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “What exactly do 21st century fires look like from a Maritime perspective?”

Eighth, Rear Admiral Brophy underscored how important it was to ensure kill web capabilities and effectiveness.

A distributed fleet without integratability delivered by interactive kill webs would weaken the force.

It is crucial to ensure that a distributed force has ready access to fires across the joint and coalition force to ensure combat dominance.

A kill web approach is not about having distributed orphans across the extended battlespace, but an integrated honeycomb force.

In short, NAWDC is a key epicenter where the current force is becoming more capable and lethal, and the aperture of the integratable air wing has been opened to provide a key venue for the kind of force transformation needed for full spectrum crisis management dominance.

Note: I should note that I closely adhered to the CDC COVID guidelines during my travels and would note that in both the airports and on the airplanes, the travelling public and the airlines staff clearly were concerned to do so as well.

This is a good sign for the recovery of air travel for sure.

But I would not that with air traffic at around 50% at most of pre-COVID-19 levels, don’t expect some of your favorite direct flights to be available.