By Robbin Laird
On May 14, 2024, I visited 2nd Marine Air Wing to have the opportunity to speak with the Commanding General of the Wing, MajGen Scott Benedict. This was two days before the change of command and his subsequent retirement after a distinguished career in the Marine Corps (bio at the end of the article).
I had last visited 2nd MAW when LtGen Michael Cederholm was 2nd MAW commander and who is now the I MEF Commander.
At that time, I focused on what I saw as an historic opportunity for the fleet in Norfolk and the Marines in North Carolina to work through the process of Nordic integration to create a whole new defense capacity, never seen before in my lifetime.
I had written this at the time after the last visit in 2021:
The North Carolina-based Marines have equipment pre-positioned in Norway and exercise frequently with the Norwegians. And through the Cold War and beyond, those Marines have had the mission to show up to reinforce Norway in a crisis.
But in an era where there is a stated desire to have greater Marine Corps integration with the Navy how might this change?
And in what ways?
The answer in part needs to be generated by the geography, the missions and the allies.
The geography sees the growing role of the High North, and the question of using land space for operations rests on what particular allies will value and permit in a pre-crisis situation up to a full-blown crisis situation.
If one looks at the geography, it is clear the impact which enhanced Nordic integratability can have on rethinking what the Marines might do to reinforce the air-sea battle, which is really where the U.S. Navy is going in its reset to be able to fight and prevail in the 4th Battle of the Atlantic.
Given the priority concern which the Navy has with regard to Murmansk and the Kola Peninsula, those allies best positioned to reinforce U.S. and allied efforts are crucial to the warfighting and deterrence effort.
This means that Iceland, the Kingdom of Denmark (Faroe Islands and Greenland), Norway, Sweden and Finland are the anchors for effective deterrence in the region and can clearly shape the outcome with regard to any Fourth Battle of the Atlantic.
What can the Marines bring from North Carolina which would make the most SIGNIFICANT impact?
MajGen Benedict and the 2nd MAW have been deeply involved over the last two years building relationships in Scandinavia culminating in the recent Nordic Response Exercise which saw Sweden and Finland participating as full members of NATO. For the USMC, the entry of Sweden and Finland into the NATO alliance means a substantial change from the primary focus on bolstering Norway in a crisis to being able to work with all the Nordic forces in a crisis; a facet they demonstrated by exercising with all three countries during the event.
This means as well that the USMC can take its Marine Air Ground Task Force integrated capabilities and embed themselves within the network of Nordic defense and support the U.S. fleet as it operates in defense of the region.
In other words, it can operate from the land, within a significant defense belt provided by the Nordics, to support the fleet. The air capabilities of the USMC – Ospreys, F-35s, F-18s, and CH-53Ks – can operate from the land to support the fleet or to operate from the fleet to support of land-air operations. This capability to do either is truly unique and what the USMC brings to the fight – a significant force operating from the land to the sea and from the sea to the land.
The extensive training and integration with all the Nordic countries is a very significant development and lessons learned by Marines in this key region in the defense of the North Atlantic can be applied to the Pacific as well.
MajGen Benedict provided a wide-ranging picture of Marine Corps activities in shaping this concept of operations and the key role of 2nd MAW working with 2nd and 6th Fleets in the region.
He started by underscoring how he looked at USMC-Naval integration.
“I went to a senior commanders’’ course in Naples where we focused on maritime combined arms operations. It struck me that both the Navy and Marines almost solely focus on Marine capabilities being employed from the sea, but not so much on how we can come from the land to support the naval campaign.”
“The opportunity to work with the Nordics as they continue to enhance defense integration clearly allows us to demonstrate and take advantage of that opportunity and to shape innovative ways to do so. And we did that in the Nordic Response 2024 exercise as well. There is a lot we can achieve in littoral operations without solely operating from an amphibious ship.”
We then turned to his experience during the exercise working with the air chiefs of the Nordic forces. He underscored that as they were working their way ahead, the Marines and the American forces are working closely on shaping effective C2 across the coalition force to operate as integrated as possible.
One should note that 2nd MAW brought its first squadron of F-35s to the exercise and with the Norwegians already operating F-35s, with Denmark and Finland to follow along with F-35s from the UK coming off of their carrier, which they did in this exercise off of the Prince of Wales. The F-35s are very interoperable with one another and are very capable of operating at a higher level of integration. When one adds German and Polish F-35s to the force, the capability is a substantial one.
The Finns in particular are masters of distributed air operations on their soil and the Marines worked closely with them and will continue to do so. The progress in this domain since I last talked to pilots at 2nd MAW working with Finns is significant. When I spoke to pilots at 2nd MAW in an earlier visit in 2018, they indicated that the Finns were teaching them about DO. Now the Marines are clearly working hard on their own approach to DO and having an ally like Finland who has lived on the shadow of a big power for a long time makes them a key partner in evolving DO for the F-35 as well.
We then discussed distributed air operations (DO) and how it differed from simply being a Forward Arming and Refueling Point or ‘FARP’. The difference is profound.
While a FARP remains the most visible manifestation of DO, it is the final action and does not by itself reflect significant choices and work necessary to create that capability to re-arm air assets at remote and ever changing locations – allowing the force to disaggregate for protection and then aggregate to mass combat capability, all in a rapid manner to maintain tempo.
As MajGen Benedict put it: “The difference is the backside. Where is the location? Why that location? How do we get the fuel there? How do we get ordinance there? How do we provide force protection? How do we maintain the aircraft and for how long? How long are we going to be there? When do we need to move? All of these things are what I call the backside of distributed operations.”
To deal with this challenge, 2nd MAW has added a functional area inside of its Tactical Air Command Center which is called a Distributed Operations Coordination Cell. According to Benedict: “Here we plan out and initiate coordination and execution of all the aviation ground support necessary to support an ATO in a distributed environment.”
But thinking about the Marines supporting the Navy from the Nordic land mass raises the question of how to craft their way ahead in integration and how to leverage their unique air assets. I have already spoken of the F-35, but obviously the Osprey and its speed and range and its ability to operate across the decks of the fleet – including Military Sealift Command ships – is a key enabler and connector when providing supplies and support from the Nordic region to the fleet. And as the Navy builds up their own Osprey force, this capability will be enhanced as well.
MajGen Benedict then talked about his Osprey experience. This began really when he was an SP-MAGTF commander in Spain. Here the Ospreys worked with KC-130Js and operated throughout the African operational space.
He commented on his subsequent deployment when they operated MV-22s within a MEU, saying “their capability to operate in a distributed manner within a theater is amazing. The ability of the MEU commander to move force from a disaggregated or distributed manner to get the right force in the right force at the right time is a crucial capability for the USMC and the combatant commander, and it is a unique and indispensable capability. Ospreys are the backbone of distributed assault support. There is no doubt about that. It enables us to realize operational maneuver from the sea and from the land to support the naval force.”
We then turned to the new kid on the block for 2nd MAW, namely the CH-53K.
MajGen Benedict underscored that as a Cobra pilot, he did not often go out of his way to praise other helos, but “I have flown the Kilo and it is an amazing helicopter. With its fly by wire capability and its ability to hover over a load, the stability of the helicopter, the reduced workload on the air crew, it is a game changer.”
He highlighted a couple of illustrations of his point. In the recent case where a Kilo lifted a damaged Navy helicopter out of a mountain crevice, the Kilo was required because of its ability to hold a hover for a long time allowing the ground crew to hook the damaged helo to the Kilo for the lift out of the ravine. The ability of the Kilo versus the Echo to hold its location for a relatively long period was crucial to the success of the mission.
The second aspect we discussed was another unique capability of the Kilo which provides a significant contribution to how the Marines are now operating. He noted that the external lift capability of the aircraft is incredible, and it is what many commentators note; however, he believes that the internal load out of the helicopter is really the key force multiplier.
Because the CH-53K can hold a standard USAF pallet internally, it can take cargo from larger transport aircraft such as the C-17 or the C-130 in a ‘tail to tail’ fashion where in the past those pallets would have had to have been broken down at the landing site into smaller loads. As a result, to support Marines deployed to a remote location, a pallet with the materials they need is cross loaded to the Kilo at a safe location, then it can be transported long range (the aircraft is refuelable in flight) and then land and the pallet removed rapidly allowing the aircraft minimum time on the deck. This reduces significantly the signature of the operations for the Marines, which is a key objective for current USMC thinking about their operational needs.
In short, MajGen Benedict’s time at 2nd MAW has been an historically significant one as the Marines and the Navy work with Nordics as they shape a more integrated capability for North Atlantic defense.
Biography as of May 14, 2024
MAJOR GENERAL SCOTT F. BENEDICT
Major General Benedict is currently serving as the Commanding General of Second Marine Aircraft Wing, headquartered on Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina. He has served as a Marine Corps Officer and Naval Aviator for more than thirty years and has commanded at all levels as a Marine Aviator. His staff appointments have spanned the operational, planning, policy, diplomatic, and acquisition arenas.
All his field grade commands included operational deployments and force employment. From 2013- 2015 he commanded the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) during which time he led two overseas deployments: one while serving simultaneously as the Commanding Officer of Special Purpose Marine Air Ground Task Force – Crisis Response (SPMAGTF-CR) during its first full rotation supporting the Africa and European Commands areas of responsibility; and the second with the MEU to the Africa, European, and Central Commands. From 2006 to 2008, Major General Benedict served as the Commanding Officer of Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA) 367, including operations in Iraq.
Major General Benedict’s Joint assignments have included service as the Director, Strategy, Plans and Policy (J-5) at U. S. Central Command furthering Combatant Command operations and objectives in the Middle East; as the Director Politico-Military Affairs, Middle East, within the Joint Staff J-5, where he proposed strategies, plans, and policy recommendations on the Middle East to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff to support his provision of military advice to the Secretary of Defense and President; as the Special Assistant to the Assistant Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff where he traveled as part of the Secretary of State’s travel team; and as the Chief of Policy and Assessment Branch, Joint Staff J-5, Joint Operational War Plans Division.
Other senior staff assignments within the Marine Corps include service as the Director of Manpower Plans and Policy, where he was responsible for determining total manpower needs, and preparing plans, policies, programs, and instructions on manpower matters; as the Assistant Deputy Commandant for Aviation, where he provided support to assist and advise the Commandant of the Marine Corps on all matters relating to Marine Aviation; as Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps where he served as the Director of the Commandant’s personal and extended staff group; as Military Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Acquisition, and Development, supporting the Department of the Navy’s Acquisition Executive; and as Head, Future Operations Group, Plans, Policies and Operations.
Early tours include Aviation Combat Element Operations Officer for 22d MEU; Squadron Logistics and Operations Officer for HMLA-167; and Operations Officer and Air Officer for 2nd Reconnaissance Battalion.
Major General Benedict has served overseas in support of several combat, contingency, and support operations. He is a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Naval War College, the Marine Corps War College, and the MIT Seminar XXI fellowship program.
Note: Murielle Delaporte interviewed members of SP-MAGTF during her visit to Spain in 2013, and she quoted then Col Benedict with regard to the new force and its operation in Africa as follows:
According to the Commanding Officer of the SP-MAGTF-CR in December 2013, Col. Scott Benedict:
This force provides new capabilities where there has been a gap.
Historically, we would provide this kind of capability of a Marine expeditionary unit [MEU], i.e., the Marine forces that are on ships.
Where there have been some gaps in the coverage of these ships, the Marine Corps created this force and intends to create others like it in order to fill those gaps.
So in that sense, it is a new capability, but the skills that we bring as a SPMAGTF are the same types of skills that Marines have always brought to the fight.
In terms of comparing what we are doing now with what we have been doing in the past, my experience over the years has been that this is more the type of missions that Marines have done historically…..
However, what we have historically done is operate small units like this and provide very flexible and agile capabilities to respond to crisis.
We have done it for years off amphibious shipping, and now we do it with the extended range capability of the V-22 which allows us to provide some very similar capabilities over the vast areas that we are responsible for….
The Marines also are going back to some geographic roots as well, since they have had a long history in West Africa during the Cold War and in the ’90s and early 2000s.
Col Benedict added:
Well before the current ‘post 9/11,’ it has been episodic because we do exercises and theater security cooperation where we partner with nations, so we learn from them and they learn from us, keeping in mind that we might work together in the future for a common goal.
However, we have not based there.
We have been doing these operations for years, and it has paid dividends when we had to do ‘provide support’ for different countries on the continent.
Featured Image: U.S. Marine Corps Maj. Gen. Scott F. Benedict, third from left, commanding general of 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, speaks with NATO service members during Exercise Nordic Response 24 in Alta, Norway, March 6, 2024. Exercise Nordic Response 24 is designed to enhance military capabilities and allied cooperation in high-intensity warfighting scenarios under challenging arctic conditions, while providing U.S. Marines unique opportunities to train alongside NATO allies and partners. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Christian Salazar)