By Robbin Laird

Earlier this year, in a visit with Vice Admiral Miller, the US Navy’s Air Boss, I was introduced to the coming of MISR, or the Maritime ISR Officer.

MISR officers are trained as ISR subject matter experts to operate at the fleet or CSG level and to work the sensor fusion for the integratable CVW.

According to the Air Boss: “I think of MISR as additive, not lessening of TOPGUN, but instead akin to a new phase which builds upon our historical experience in the development of TOPGUN in the first place.”

In effect, these are “6th generation officers” in the sense of working the C2/ISR capabilities which enable an integrated and distributed fleet to have its maximum combat impact.

I followed this introduction to MISR up over the past two months with discussions with officers from the Naval Aviation Warfighting Center or NAWDC with regard to how the focus on training for the integrateable air wing was shaping the way ahead. Two new warfighting training courses reflect the change.

The first is the information warfare training course which is focused on dynamic targeting.

And the second is MISR which is focused on providing the connective tissue between the operational platforms working as a integrated force to deliver the dynamic targeting effect.

The MISR effort is clearly a work in progress, but is laying the foundation for what is clearly ongoing innovations with regard to connectivity among platforms and how C2 is delivered at the tactical edge and aggregated into strategic decision making as well.

MISR is both a capability here now, but a dynamic driver for how to change the force as new ISR capabilities are added to the force, such as Triton and the upcoming revolutions in maritime remotes.

If one does not learn how to change the culture of how ISR is used and C2 redesigned then adding new ISR rich platforms or new ISR capabilities will not have the desired combat effect.

From this perspective MISR is an innovation, a new foundational element, and a plank holder in the strategic shift for force structure integratability, notably to deliver the desired political and combat effects necessary to prevail in the new strategic environment of engaging in full spectrum crisis management and escalation control and dominance.

Recently, I interviewed CDR Pete “Two Times” Salvaggio, Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (NAWDC), Maritime ISR (MISR) Weapons School, Department Head (DH), MISR & EP-3E Weapons and Tactics Instructor (WTI).

The career of this officer spans the period prior to MISR, the creation of MISR and the maturation of the MISR and Minotaur initiatives.

The officers involved in the MISR Weapons School are the seed corn for the strategic change which MISR is introducing.

And during my visit to Jax Navy during the week of June 14^th, I had a chance to talk with the first MISR officer deployed to the fleet, LCDR Tracy Maddox.

Her call sign is “Mad Dog” and is as she described herself a “VQ” person by trade and an EP-3 operator.

She became a MISR officer through her engagement at NAWDC and worked with “Two Times” there as well.  She was involved in the standing up of the MISR cell at NAWDC which has now become a full warfighting course. She now is with VPU-2, a heralded squadron in the US Navy involved in “special projects.”

An October 2, 2018 article by Richard Burgess of Seapower Magazine highlighted the squadron as follows:

The Navy has established a new unit to sustain a special mission capability in its maritime patrol community with the coming retirement of the P-3 Orion aircraft.

A Sept. 10 internal directive from the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations directed the establishment on that date of Fleet Support Unit One at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida, one of two sites that serve as home bases for the Navy’s P-8A Poseidon maritime patrols aircraft.

According to the directive, Fleet Support Unit One “will configure and operate P-8 aircraft to provide a follow-on special mission capability in place of [special] projects patrol squadron (VPU) P-3 aircraft due to sundown in 2019.”

The mission of the unit will be to provide “oversight, training, operations, maintenance, and configuration management for the P-8 quick reaction capability aircraft,” according to the directive.

Fleet Support Unit One will have an officer in charge rather than a commanding officer, who will report to commander, Patrol Reconnaissance Wing 11, at Jacksonville.

The Navy’s sole VPU squadron, VPU-2, operates several specially configured P-3C Orion aircraft from Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The squadron is scheduled for deactivation in fiscal 2019 in concert with the phase-out of the P-3C from operational active-duty patrol squadrons.

LCDR Maddox noted that the EP-3 community works closely with the USAF, so this has carried over for the MISR community and in terms of NAWDC working with Nellis as well.

But she clearly highlighted the challenges to getting the USAF and the USN to work fully together in shaping enhanced integratabilty but clearly the MISR standup was an important step in moving in that direction.

LCDR Maddox was posted to the USS George H. W. Bush CSG-2 under the command of Rear Admiral Kenneth Whitesell, now Deputy Commander of the US Pacific Fleet and soon to be the next commander of Naval Air Forces and and commander of Naval Air Force Pacific

During that deployment, the Admiral explored ways that a MISR approach could enhance the lethality of the fleet.

The experience shaped a demand side as well where as Vice Admiral Miller put it, there is desire to have MISR officers in every carrier strike group and at the fleet level as well.

And technology needs to be shaped to allow for this kind of innovation.

A case in point is Minotaur.

As Rear Admiral Garvin put it: “The Minotaur Track Management and Mission Management system was developed in conjunction with the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.

“Minotaur was designed to integrate sensors and data into a comprehensive picture which allows multiple aircraft and vessels to share networked information.

“It is basically a data fusion engine and like many software capabilities these days, doesn’t physically have to present on a platform to be of use.

“These capabilities ride on a Minotaur web where, if you are on the right network, you can access data from whatever terminal you happen to be on.”

LCDR Maddox underscored from her point of view that bringing the various wave forms into a single screen via Minotaur allows those data streams to come together and to shape a common operating picture.

She underscored that with different assets using different operating pictures the full value of the ISR streams was not being realized.

“With the Minotaur web everyone has access to the same COP regardless of whether you are airborne or onboard a ship.”

In my view, the MISR incorporation in the fleet, plus the coming of Triton are opening the aperture in understanding of how to widen the scope of what a fleet can achieve within the extended battlespace.

And this is clearly a cultural shift as well.

As LCDR Maddox put it: “It’s a very different mindset shift.”

With regard to the carrier strike groups, the core focus has been upon the fast jets and kill chains.

But with the ISR/C2 revolution and the ability to do third party targeting, the kill web is becoming a reality.

But this means that the Admirals who have come through the fast jet community are facing the challenge of changing their approach as well to incorporate MISR and dynamic targeting, ultimately in a joint capability environment.

In my view, the standing up of MISR is significant in and of itself, but lays a foundation for the way ahead.

And quite an honor to meet the first MISR officer assigned to a carrier strike group.

This is also a significant generational change as the digital natives become more prevalent within the fleet, and who experienced rapid apps upgrades and want to see the same being delivered in terms of knowledge to the fleet operating in a dynamic combat environment.

By Robbin Laird

The US Navy is in the throes of reworking its capability to prevail in the high-end fight while ensuring its ability to engage in full spectrum crisis management.

There is no clearer proof of this judgment than the latest efforts at the Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center (NAWDC).

Most people know this as TOPGUN and envisage Tom Cruise-type characters preparing for air combat somewhere in global conflict.

But today’s NAWDC is focused not simply on training for the integrated air wing, but the integratable air wing engaging in leveraging and enhancing fleet-wide operations and working closely with joint and coalition force partners.

As the center of excellence for Naval aviation training and tactics development, the Naval Aviation Warfighting Development Center or NAWDC works to ensure an effective, integrated, and lethal force to prevail against increasingly sophisticated adversaries.

In a way, with the coming of a new generation of aircraft, Advanced Hawkeye, Triton, P-8, MQ-25 and F-35, the reach of the carrier air wing is beyond the range of the integrated air wing.

And NAWDC is an epicenter of practical ways to build out today’s navy into an effective integrated distributed force capable of operating as interactive kill webs delivering effective strike, defense, and deterrence against adversaries in the global “commons,” as it used to be called.

Over the past few weeks, I have had the chance to have a series of teleconferences with the department heads at NAWDC prior to my visit to the desert-based air wing during the week of July 5^th. I will provide articles based on discussions during that week later this summer.

But in this article, I would like to focus on my discussion with the CO of NAWDC, Rear Admiral Richard Brophy.

I would note that after my time in the desert, I flew to San Diego where I had a chance to meet with the Navy’s Air Boss, Vice Admiral Miller, and to talk with the new commander of the Osprey squadrons coming into the Navy as well as to a senior Romeo commander as well.

The discussion with Rear Admiral Brophy started with a simple question: “Obviously, NAWDC is in significant change, and your job seems to be to expand the dialogue between NAWDC and the rest of naval warfighting centers as well as the USAF and the USMC and with allies. How would you describe your job?”

Rear Admiral Brophy: “Admiral Miller gave me the following charge when I took command: ‘Snap’, when you go there get us in a great power competition mindset. From a wholly-integrated perspective, look at what we need to do at NAWDC in order to win the next fight.’”

“And to do this he emphasized that my job was to pursue holistic training with the Navy and to work with other U.S. warfighting centers and key allies.”

In other words, NAWDC is focused on training the integratable air wing.

And as my earlier interviews have highlighted, the platform-centered warfighting courses have focused more broadly on the coming of new capabilities and integratability as well as two new non-platform centric warfighting courses having been established, namely, MISR and Information Warfare.

During my visit, several key developments stood out.

First, there is a re-imaging of the carrier going on associated with the return to blue water operations and rethinking how the carrier works with the fleet to deliver enhanced expeditionary reach that the carrier air wing can support.

This has meant a growing working role with the Marines, who in Rear Admiral Brophy’s words “have significant experience and expertise with expeditionary operations, and with whom we can collaborate to develop new concepts of operations.”

Rear Admiral Brophy underscored that there was clearly an enhanced working relationship with MAWTS-1 at Yuma MCAS going on as a result.

Second, this has meant that the US Navy and the USAF are establishing new ways to work more effectively together.

Earlier this year, the USAF sponsored WESTPAC.

As we noted earlier about WESTPAC: “The USAF led a joint exercise in January 2020 focused on the Western Pacific. The exercise had the stated purpose of distributing airpower throughout the operational area and working integratability to shape the desired combat effect.”

Rear Admiral Brophy noted about WESTPAC: “The USAF invited NAWDC to the exercise to represent the Navy, and we went with a full complement which included surface and subsurface officers.

“The co-chair of the WESTPAC working group was a Surface Warfare Officer who had a clear notion that we need to look beyond what the Navy brought to the fight in order to be effective in our Pacific mission.”

Third, the theme of integratability beyond the carrier air wing is a key one being worked at NAWDC.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “From a training standpoint, we work from the perspective of ‘it is not going to be a carrier strike group that wins the next fight on its own, it’s going to be an integrated joint force that wins the next fight.’

“We’ve really broadened our aperture.

“Everything we do here now is based off of a single lens: does it move the needle for great power competition or not?”

Fourth, an integrated training center has been built from the ground up to support the integratable air wing to train in the kill web space.

After the interview we toured the new facility which consists of two buildings.

The first building is a meeting center with areas for working groups to meet at various levels of security within a global teleconferencing framework, as the need demands. This building can allow for scenario generation, assessment of findings and evaluations from the physical test range, or utilization of the simulated test range that is contained in the second building

The second building houses multiple simulators for different platforms being flown by the fleet. As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “We’re going to put in an entire Air Wing’s and strike group’s worth of simulators.”

The focus is not only on platform learning, but significantly, working in an integratable environment. Those specific simulators, continued in various rooms in the building, can be linked with outside simulation facilities as well.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it about the new facilities and their contribution: “The Integrated Training Building will be the future of virtual and constructive training for the majority of naval aviation.

“Not only will we provide cutting-edge training in Fallon, but fleet concentration areas will be able to train remotely with the Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) at NAWDC in a virtual, constructive environment at any time, day or night.”

Fifth, even with the new facility, changes are necessary with the physical ranges to adjust to the high-end training of fifth generation warfare.

There are requests in to adjust the ranges to accommodate the kind of targeting challenges which the high-end air arm needs to train for to prevail in the high-end fight.

“Fallon is the only United States Navy facility where an entire air wing can conduct comprehensive training while integrating every element of air warfare.

“While aircraft and weaponry have evolved substantially in the last several decades, the ranges at Fallon have not changed significantly in size since 1962.

“Our naval aviators use the desert skies to learn critical warfighting skills necessary to defend our nation and preserve our way of life from those who would want to cause us harm.

To that end, we are working with the local community, as well as natural and cultural resource experts, to find a way forward together to expand the range.”

Sixth, a measure of the change at NAWDC has been the generation of working groups based at NAWDC that reach out to the fleet to devise and implement new ways to operate in the evolving strategic situation. COVID-19 has slowed down this process, but the trajectory is clear.

For example, in the first quarter of this year, NAWDC sponsored work with the other Navy warfighting centers to address the question of fleet-wide TTPs to execute maritime strike.

The purpose here is clearly to think beyond the classic airwing focus to a wider integratable air wing in support of fleet-wide operations.

Clearly, the new infrastructure highlighted above would be a key asset in shaping such new TTPs for the fleet and its integratability into the joint and coalition force.

Seventh, the new MISR or Maritime ISR warfighting center is managing an important new Navy exercise, Resolute Hunter, which is focused on the evolving role of ISR and sensor networks in guiding C2 and integrated operations going forward.

The second such exercise will be held in November of this year, and will include Australians, Brits, Marines, and the USAF.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “In the Resolute Hunter exercise, we are really looking hard at the Kill Web aspect and focusing on utilizing every asset that’s out there to ensure that we’re the most effective warfighting force we possibly can be.”

Taken together, the work of MISR, the Information Warfare program, Resolute Hunter, and the work with the Marines and the USAF, highlights the challenge and opportunity for shaping a Maritime Squadron Targeting Concept.

This is a clear expression that NAWDC and the Navy are focusing on ways to leverage an integratable air wing for the fleet, and for the joint and coalition force.

As Rear Admiral Brophy put it: “What exactly do 21st century fires look like from a Maritime perspective?”

Eighth, Rear Admiral Brophy underscored how important it was to ensure kill web capabilities and effectiveness.

A distributed fleet without integratability delivered by interactive kill webs would weaken the force.

It is crucial to ensure that a distributed force has ready access to fires across the joint and coalition force to ensure combat dominance.

A kill web approach is not about having distributed orphans across the extended battlespace, but an integrated honeycomb force.

In short, NAWDC is a key epicenter where the current force is becoming more capable and lethal, and the aperture of the integratable air wing has been opened to provide a key venue for the kind of force transformation needed for full spectrum crisis management dominance.

Note: I should note that I closely adhered to the CDC COVID guidelines during my travels and would note that in both the airports and on the airplanes, the travelling public and the airlines staff clearly were concerned to do so as well.

This is a good sign for the recovery of air travel for sure.

But I would not that with air traffic at around 50% at most of pre-COVID-19 levels, don’t expect some of your favorite direct flights to be available.

By Robbin Laird

In early February of this year, I attended the ceremony unveiling the Navy’s Osprey as the replacement for the C-2 for the logistics support mission.

The Osprey seen in the ceremony was the second Osprey delivered to the Navy, as the first one had been delivered to the Navy at Pax River the week before.

At that ceremony I met Capt. Dewon “Chainsaw” Chaney, the Commander of COMVRMWING (or Fleet Logistics Multi-Mission Wing). As was explained to me by a former C-2 commander, the elevation of the C-2 Command structure to be led by Wing Commander was a major step forward for the force.

As Capt (ret.) Sean McDermott put in an interview with me: “McDermott noted that one of the encouraging signs with the CMV-22B transition is that a new Wing, COMVRMWING has been stood up, and its Commodore who is in charge of the Osprey team now being charged to take over the COD mission.

“This CMV-22 wing should provide a more dedicated voice to implement new ideas for airborne logistics operations as well as exploring how the aircraft could be used to support other missions for the Navy in a distributed maritime environment.”

As the CMV-22B comes to the fleet there are two ways to look at its arrival.

The first is the challenge of ensuring that the logistics mission is effectively met with this new capability. This is a core focus of current efforts of Captain Chaney, as he works the standup of the CMV-22B squadrons.

But there is another piece as well: how will the Navy leverage the coming of the Osprey in the “integratable” air wing?

This I discussed the week before with the Navy Air Boss, Vice Admiral Miller, prior to going to Amarillo Texas and the reveal ceremony.

In that interview, Vice Admiral Miller highlighted how the Navy was looking at the coming of the Osprey.

It is a different aircraft, and the question will be as it operates effectively in its logistics mission, what other contributions might it make to the fleet?

“So how should the Navy operate, modernize, and leverage its Ospreys?

“For Miller, the initial task is to get the Osprey onboard the carrier and integrated with CVW operations.

“But while doing so, it is important to focus on how the Osprey working within the CVW can provide a more integrated force.

“Vice Admiral Miller and his team are looking for the first five-year period in operating the CMV-22 for the Navy to think through the role of the Osprey as a transformative force, rather than simply being a new asset onboard a carrier.

“Hence, one can look at the CMV-22 innovation cluster in the following manner:

“Such an approach is embedded in the rethink from operating and training an integrated air wing to an integratable air wing.”

When I visited NAWDC (or the Naval Aviation Warfighting Center) recently, one subject which I discussed with the CO of NAWDC, Rear Admiral Brophy was the coming of the CMV-22B.

One thing that should be noted is that the C-2 was never really part of a NAWDC discussion; the CMV-22B clearly is.

According to Rear Admiral Brophy, they will work the TTPs along with Captain Chaney, as it will enter into NAWDC through the rotary wing school in NAWDC, but its ultimate location for cross-platform training, in a command increasingly focused on such training with a kill web focus, will be determined.

After my visit to NAWDC in early July 2020, I went to San Diego and met with the Naval Air Boss on the morning of July 13th and in the afternoon with “Chainsaw.”

During my visit with the Osprey squadron, I had a chance to see the third Osprey on the tarmac, and visit the hangar being used to stand up the squadron.

Obviously, working with the Marines and leveraging their experience allows the Navy to accelerate their efforts to move the new Osprey into the carrier fleet.

And there are synergies and cost savings to be had from such an effort.

For example, in the Navy hangar is a USMC MV-22 airframe which the Navy plans to use in their cargo loading training, which obvious is a cost saver.

One of the issues we discussed during my visit was the challenge of setting up the squadrons.

The first squadron VRM-30 was stood up prior to the creation of the wing and its first aircraft arrived in June 2020.

Captain Chaney noted that there is a two-year timeline to get a fully qualified maintenance technician or officer for the force, so that has been underway. That training has been generated with the Marines in North Carolina, Hawaii, Kuwait, or working side by side with Marines in various locations or in the Bell-Boeing teams at the Maintenance Readiness Team in Miramar.

Captain Chaney then noted that this October, the fleet replacement squadron, VRM-50, will be stood up.

It will take this squadron two years until they will be able to train new pilots.

As he explained: With VRM 30, they need to get pilots ready to go fly and go on deployment.

“Whereas with VRM 50, they have to get pilots and maintainers qualified, but then they also have to figure out how to train other pilots and aircrewman in other words to establish the Navy training cycle for the aircraft.”

He noted that the Navy will approach operating its Osprey in some ways differently from the Marines, but because of the interactive working relationships any learning on the Navy side can be easily be transferred on the Marine side.

“I see it as a very symbiotic relationship between the Marine Corps and us, all under the Department of the Navy.

“Clearly with the Marine Corps having the bulk of the experience right now in MV-22s, I welcome any of their lessons learned and comments about maintaining the airplane, flying the airplane, fighting with the airplane.

“I’m all ears, because I know that my team is still in their infancy.”

But one example of cross learning might be with regard to how the Navy will operate the load outs and off-loading of the aircraft.

They are looking to have a rapid unload capability with new containers for the CMV-22B and Navy experience with the new kit might well prove of interest to the Marine Corps as well.

The counterpart to VRM-30 will be VRM-40 but all three squadrons are under the Wing.

The third squadron will be on the East Coast.

But there clearly is challenge here as the facility to house the third squadron will not be ready at the time the third squadron is being stood up.

With these challenges, clearly Captain Chaney is focused on the “timeline to get the three squadrons safe for flight.””

And as the Osprey comes to the fleet, building appropriate infrastructure is a key priority facing the Wing in the next few years.

At North Island, San Diego, their first simulator will come next year, and a new hangar is being built and will be ready in 2023. But the East Coast basing solution remains to be resolved.

With regard to the standup, the Wing Commander comes from the rotary wing community; his Deputy from the C-2 community.

The challenge is blending the two into a tiltrotor force which operates at a different altitude from the C-2, can fly night shipboard missions (which the C-2 did not), and rapid, efficient shipboard operations, which has not been the core focus of the USMC and their use of the aircraft.

It is clear that the CMV-22B needs to prepare for carrier operations but equally the carrier community needs to get ready for the coming of CMV-22B.

Captain Chaney is looking to find ways to have lessons learned prior to deployment to shape a more effective initial deployment process as well.

We discussed a coming key event for the CMV-22B squadron, namely working the process of delivering F-35 power module to the carrier.

Both the F-35C and the CMV-22B are scheduled to co-deploy on the USS Carl Vinson in 2021.

And later this Fall, the CMV-22B team will be working the engine carry effort onboard a carrier.

This is a process of lifting the power module to the carrier and working ways to ensure a core competence to do so going forward.

There is a process underway to produce a representative power module to work with in the pre-deployment training phase.

As Captain Chaney put it:” It’s going to be the same weight, the same shape, have all the same attachment points, so that it’ll actually go in the can the way it’s supposed to.”

“There will be a lot of moving parts in the logistics effort to have F-35 engines available for CMV-22Bs to fly them to the ship and then for the ship’s crew to offload the engines and have them available for the F-35s onboard ship.

“The engine manufacturer has created a marinized version of support equipment required and will have it ready for our first deployment.”

Captain Chaney mentioned some cross learning being shaped on North Island itself.

The Chief of Staff for the Air Boss, is Captain McCoy who previously led the F-35 transition in the Navy and the two are discussing lessons learned, to be shaped, or learned from the kind of transition which the Marines have already done with their versions of the two aircraft, but which have their own challenges when adapting to carrier operations as well.

It is obvious that these next three years will be challenging, and I asked “Chainsaw” about those challenges.

“The frustrating thing though, is that it’s just seems like every day, there’s a new challenge.

“There’s a new obstacle.

“There’s something in the way for my team getting from point A to point B.

“Now the other refreshing thing is my leadership is very supportive.

“They’ve been nothing but supportive with issues that I brought to the table.

“The Air Boss has been great to work with. I think he’s been very realistic in his expectations.”

Captain Chaney concluded: “I do believe that the Navy is really going to appreciate the capabilities that the CMV-22 is going to bring to the strike group, and they’re going to want it to do more.”

Editor’s Note: At the February 2020 CMV-22B reveal ceremony, Captain Chaney highlighted the coming of the new capability and what it meant for the US Navy.

What is the status of the CODs?

Every Carrier Air Wing Commander and Carrier CO has received that question numerous times from the Carrier Strike Group Commander while on deployment. And for good reason…

The COD, or Carrier On-board Delivery, aircraft is the only long-range aerial logistics platform providing logistical support for the Carrier Strike Group, ensuring its time sensitive combat capability.

Sure, there are ways to get some items to the carrier but that time lag in most cases is at the cost of readiness for the warfare commander.

The Navy saw the need to replace the aircraft providing this critical capability years ago and embarked on multiple efforts to inform that decision. The Navy selected V-22 as the future COD platform.

The first aircraft is being delivered today (well actually a week ago but who is counting). And our first deployment will be here in a blink of an eye!

But the devil in the details with this particularly accelerated program is making sure that the fleet can man, train, and equip those at the tip of the spear potentially in harm’s way.

As of October, last year as the Wing Commodore, I have the honor, privilege and responsibility, given to me by Vice Admiral Miller, to be the lead for the Navy’s CMV-22 community along with our partners at well into the 2040s. Delivery of this aircraft is a major milestone on the path to initial operational capability in 2021.

The CMV-22 has the capability to internally carry the F-35C engine power module. This capability is a game changer for the Air Wing of the Future and drove the need to match up the F-35C and CMV-22 operational deployments.

The first CMV-22 deployment is now less than a year from initial delivery of N3, which is scheduled for late June of this year.

Its success is key to maintaining combat lethality for the Air Wing of the future and our Navy. CMV-22s will operate from all aircraft carriers providing a significant range increase for operations from the Sea Bases enabling Combatant Commanders to exercise increased flexibility and options for warfare dominance.

If you’re in a fight, it’s always good to have options!

Every month following the first initial deployment, there will be a CMV-22 detachment operating with a US aircraft carrier somewhere in the world….

For a look at the first time an Osprey brought an F-35 engine onboard ship, see the following:

Shaping a New Capability for the Osprey: Delivering the F-35 Engine to the USS Wasp

For the lead interview from my visit to North Island during the July 2020 visit, see the following:

An Update on the Integratable Air Wing: A Discussion with the US Navy’s Air Boss