An Update on the Impact of the Coronavirus Crisis on French Defense Industry: April 23, 2020

04/23/2020

By Pierre Tran

Paris – Naval Group seeks to cut costs in a “savings plan” and conserve cash in response to a slowdown in shipbuilding due to the Codevi 19 crisis, the company said.

“While the productive activity of all Naval Group’s shipyards has been reduced, Naval Group is launching a savings plan to prepare for the future and to preserve the group’s investment capacity,” the company said in an April 16 statement.

That savings plan relies on cutting the cost base in view of a “foreseeable reduction of the revenues,” said the company, which is keeping its workforce on full pay while on furlough.

To sail through an economic storm, Naval Group has adopted “cost saving and cash management measures,” including cancellation of seminars and conventions, cutting back on travel, and less use of temporary staff and subcontractors.

Training and recruitment will focus on production and skills deemed to be critical, while  reliance on external services will be cut to the “strictly necessary,” the company said.

Non-priority projects will be postponed.

Keeping Staff

Naval Group, along with other French arms companies, is keeping on its workforce, relying on the 70 percent government-backed pay for temporary leave due to the national lock down. That lock down, now in its sixth week, started midday March 17 and runs to May 11.

The French government offers to pay 70 percent of salary to workers on furlough. The UK government offers 80 percent financial support to British companies.

Due to the slowdown of its activities, Naval Group has filed applications for partial activity and is committed to maintain employees’ revenue for the second half of March, as well as their base salary and variable pay elements,” the company said.

That full payment to staff includes April, a spokesman said.

The company and three labor unions agreed April 2 a new work schedule and to set up a “solidarity fund,” with the company contributing half and the rest based on staff contributing  their paid holiday. The executive committee is contributing five days of leave.

In April, staff who are not required to work full time must take days off, the company said.

Under a statutory regime of the 35-hour work week, employees are entitled to a set number of days off on top of the five weeks’ annual leave required by law.

“The ramp up in activity will be gradual,” Naval Group said.

Most of Salary Paid

Arquus, which builds light and medium armored vehicles, is paying 92 percent of salary to workers on furlough, based on a “solidarity agreement,” a company spokesman said.

The company has gradually restarted production at four factories, with some 300 workers returning to work since April 6, the spokesman said. Some 100 workers had stayed on during the shut down, bringing the total to around 400 at the work place, with some 10 workers returning each day. There have been no permanent lay-offs in the 1,300 strong work force.

It was too early to estimate the cost of the shut down, the spokesman said. The company  saved money in the cancellation of the Eurosatory trade show, which had been due to run June 8-12.

Dassault Aviation is also paying 92 pct of salary to workers and office staff on furlough, the company said in an April 15 note to staff on its website.

That level of payment was agreed following April 2 and April 9 meetings with three labor unions, and reflected a differential between workers who were entitled to 84 percent and executives entitled to 100 percent of salary.

“These new measures should help us get through this worldwide crisis which is hitting dramatically our country and our industry,” executive chairman Eric Trappier said.

Airbus Restarts Work

For Airbus, work on the A400M airlifter and other military aircraft has restarted in Spain since the government eased a lock down on non-essential work, a company spokesman said. Work is organized into two shifts – red and blue – to cut the number of workers on site.

A shift is to avoid contact with the other shift, with the work place disinfected between shifts.

In the close lock down, which included industry, Airbus continued work deemed to be essential, providing service for C212, CN235, C295 and A400M aircraft for the Spanish air force, as well as Super Puma and H145 military helicopters.

There was also support for the French and German air forces.

Spain, one of the countries worst hit by the virus, ordered March 14 a strict lock down. The prime minister, Pedro Sanchez, is seeking a third 15-day extension of the lock down to May 9. Spain has seen more than 20,000 people die due to the pandemic.

For MBDA, in France, almost 20 percent of the workforce had gone back to the factory, 70 percent were remote working, and 10 percent on furlough, a company spokesman said.

Rise in Cyberattack

The increase in working from home has seen a rise in cyberattacks by hackers seeking to benefit from the Covid 19 crisis, Sophie Le Pennec, Thales vice president for occupational health, safety and environment, said on the company website.

The Defense Innovation Agency has called for projects to fight the pandemic, with Thales submitting some 12 projects including crisis management tools, patient admission in hospitals, rapid diagnosis, and teleworking.

Across France, 10.2 million workers are on furlough, with nine out of 10 staff at restaurants and hotels laid off, afternoon daily Le Monde reported April 22. Some 93 percent of the building trade have registered as unemployed.

Some 20,796 fatalities due to coronavirus have been registered, with 531 deaths over the last 24 hours, Le Monde reported.

The admissions to hospital and those in intensive care are falling, but the spread of the virus remains at a high level, said Jerome Salomon, number two at  the health ministry.

President Emmanuel Macron went to Brittany April 22, to show support to farmers in the western region.

The agricultural sector is effectively the second line of defense in the “war” against the virus, protecting France from want, the head of state has said, Le Monde reported.

Featured Photo: First of class submarine Suffren”, at the Naval Group site in Cherbourg, France, July 5, 2019. Picture taken July 5, 2019. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier

 

Working the Rugged Internet of Things at the Tactical Edge

04/22/2020

By Robbin Laird

In a famous line from Molière’s play Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, the aspiring social climber in the play discovers that: “For more than forty years I have been speaking prose while knowing nothing of it, and I am the most obliged person in the world to you for telling me so.”

Much like the man who discovered he is speaking prose, the strategic shift which the US and core allied forces are undergoing is learning to speak “kill web.”

And in learning to speak “kill web,” we are refocusing on core issues and redefining them. A key case in point is the thrust and focus of C2.

From hierarchical C2, we are learning what is required to make decisions at the tactical edge.

How can forces can operate effectively at the tactical edge but ensure they are integratable to provide scalability to fit a crisis?

Recently, I had a chance to discuss what a shift from networking to the tactical edge to operating at the tactical edge meant in terms of a focus of activity within a company focused on communications and networking as a core competence.

Mike Barthlow, a former Marine C2 officer, is now working at Cubic Mission Solutions in shaping what they call the rugged internet of things.

We started by discussing what the Rugged Internet of Things meant within the company and why this name for his group was chosen in the first place.

“Our original focus was upon pursuing a tactical networking business, where the emphasis is upon pushing networking to the edge, and connectivity across the kill web.”

“We realized that what is crucial is what happens at the edge of the network.

“You have pushed networking to the tactical edge; but what operational behavior happens in that context with networking capability?

“We are focused on the operator or warfighter or responder at the tactical edge and their view of the operational world.

“80% of my customer facing team are former warfighters; and I was a former chief of joint networking for central command. With the new networking capabilities, decision making at the edge is operarating in ways that in the past only happened at the command post or back in the Pentagon.”

“We refer to this as the edge eating the cloud.

“The speed of decision-making means that the commander at the tactical edge will be making decisions without going back to leverage the cloud computing environment or to tap into its resources in order to make a decision.

“The edge decision makers do not have the time, but increasingly has resources at the tactical edge which are robust and survivable enough to make those decisions as well.”

Question: What you are talking about distributed operations where decisions will be made at the tactical edge with the information available to the operators at the tactical edge.

 What this means is that in effect you will operate with the resources most present in your combat cluster.

 Is that a way to put it?

Barthlow: It is.

“And what we are seeing is a reflection of the evolution of warfighting which I saw at CENTCOM. The traffic patterns were primarily unit-to-unit, not up and down in a hierarchical chain.

“The preponderance of the traffic flow is to adjacent units who are in the engagement zone operating together. There is a sparse support team which needs to get information from the maneuver unit. It’s about being able rapidly to share an evolving collective knowledge base in real time.

“And then the challenge is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the decision at that point of engagement.”

“We’re all collectively operating as one big cybernetic organism.

“And what already see with the F-35 formations is a capability to operate as one mind with precision and effectiveness.

“Our objective is to enable the ability of units at the tactical edge to operate as a collective mindset that’s precise and effective to the lowest unit possible.”

Question: If you are focused on how units and leaders operate at the edge, then you are focused on how they make decisions and how to build tools that allow them to make more accurate decisions more rapidly and more effectively.

 What is your approach to this challenge?

Barthlow: Part of the challenge is managing a speed to thought transition, allowing the operators at the tactical edge to have a decision-making cycle advantage.

“How can I speed up the interfaces among the war fighters at the edge and make sure there’s enough computation capability and bandwidth among them and we can find ways to grow that capability by orders of magnitude?

Question: In other words, your focus is upon the decision-making environment at the tactical edge and working to understand how you can improve that operating environment?

Barthlow: It is.

“We are focused upon product resiliency, flexibility, and capability, anticipating that not only the current but the future decision environment as well.

“We’re focused in part on generating the kind of computing power we need in the smallest form factor possible for today’s environment.

“We’re pushing beyond what we think we need today.

“We’re pushing over the horizon because we anticipate as more information is available more computational capability will be needed,  and we need to work the kind of tools for aiding decisions, such as artificial intelligence, and/or augmented reality glasses, which are being developed and deployed.”

Question: Your focus on the ruggedized internet of things is highlighting the mix and match capabilities which you want to make available at the warfighter at the tactical edge in the smallest form factor possible concomitant with the capabilities which are required.

 Your literature mentions that the evolution of your approach as being customer driven.

 Who is the core customer driving your focus on the internet of things at the tactical edge?

 Barthlow: Our latest product in this area is the M3X product family.

“And we developed it with the Special Operations Community in mind to be able to provide them high performance and flexible small form factor capability at the edge of their SATCOM network.

“We focused on mission flexibility considering the needs of a small insertion force that can seamlessly scale up capability as the force size increases. Using our modular stack, they can have significant computational and networking power in a small logistical footprint.

“And as our conventional force customers have begun to focus more seriously on distributed operations, the work we have done for SOF becomes very relevant for distributed forces working at the tactical edge.

“As the multidomain needs of the force grows, we’re layering in cross domain capabilities. For example, with regard to open source intelligence, it can get processed very rapidly and included in the edge common operating picture. What used to take them two weeks, they can now do in minutes.

“The decision-making which can happen at the edge is now much more rapid and more informed. And we can connect the distributed radio networks and push the data into a stack the size of a couple lunchboxes rather than the legacy big transit cases and data center rack.

“We are enabling data management at the tactical edge that used to take an entire data center capability. It needs to happen in a way that allows for the formation of a cohesive cybernetic organism that is a true rugged Internet of battlefield things. That allows them to operate as a fully synchronized and collectively informed force to execute the mission.”

Mike Barthlow

Mike Barthlow is Senior Vice President and General Manager for Rugged Internet of Things (IoT), part of the Cubic Mission Solutions business division. Barthlow brings over 20 years of progressive experience in communications solutions to Cubic’s defense, intelligence and commercial markets. In his role, he is responsible for the growth and management of Cubic’s Rugged IoT business.

Prior to joining Cubic in 2015, Barthlow held several executive leadership positions including vice president of U.S. DoD Sales for Harris Corporation’s RF Communications Division; director of U.S. Air Force Sales for Harris Corporation; and director of business development and sales for Northrop Grumman.

Barthlow is a U.S. Marine Corps veteran who served as chief of joint data networks, U.S. Central Command during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.

He received an MBA from California State University, a Master of Science in Information Systems from the University of Colorado, a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania and is a graduate of the Wharton School of Business, General Management Program.

For the latest product portfolio in the M3 product family, see the following:

M3X Tactical Edge Solution

The featured photo shows an M3X stack.

According to Cubic:

The M3X product family is an environmentally hardened suite of networking and compute equipment for today’s demanding users.

A patent-pending Raised Angle Connector (RAC) on the top and bottom allow interconnection between modules for both power and data without the need for external cables that often fail when needed.

The modular rail system allows for both vertical and horizontal physical connection amongst stacks of modules.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

USS America at Sea

Marines with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit’s (MEU) Maritime Raid Force take part in a deck shoot aboard amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6).

America, flagship of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, 31st MEU team, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations

(Official U.S. Marine Corps photos by Cpl. Isaac Cantrell)

Operation Barkhane Update, April 2020

04/21/2020

On 8 April a French Air Force Mirage 2000D intervened in support of a company of the G5 Sahel joint force (FC-G5S) in Burkina Faso, helping repel an armed terrorist group being targeted by a Barkhane force patrol.

During a reconnaissance mission in the north of Burkina Faso, a company of the G5 Sahel force was in contact with an armed terrorist group. From the start of the confrontation, the unit made an air support request to the Joint Command Post (CCP) of the joint force of the G5 Sahel. At the operations centre in Niamey, the CCP took this request into account and coordinated with the Barkhane Force Joint Theatre Command Post (PCIAT), the French Ministry of Defence said.

In coordination with the Joint Force Air Command (JFAC) of Lyon, which provides operational command of the aircraft, a patrol of two Mirage 2000Ds was quickly redirected for a close air support mission for the benefit of the joint force company.

The first contact between the fighter pilot and the Advanced Tactical Air Lookout (GATA) made it possible to transmit the company’s position so that the patrol could better identify it from the air. “The GATA is generally doing the preparatory work for the French joint terminal attack controller (JTAC), qualified for guiding aircraft. It allows us to understand what is happening on the ground before we are even in the area. And if necessary, it designates the threat so that we intervene, in compliance with the rules of engagement of the force,” said Commander Pierre, pilot of one of the two Mirage 2000Ds.

Flying over the area, Pierre’s patrol then noted that the ground action by the company of the G5 Sahel force, combined with the presence of the aircraft, had enabled them to repel the armed terrorist groups. In liaison with the GATA, the patrol then carried out a securing of the zone to ensure the protection of the troops on the ground until their disengagement from the action zone, the French Ministry of Defence said.

Led by the French military in partnership with the G5 Sahel countries (Burkina-Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad), Operation Barkhane was launched on 1 August 2014. It brings together around 5 100 soldiers whose mission is to fight against terrorist groups and to support the armed forces of partner countries.

Published by defenceWeb on April 17, 2020 and credited to the French Ministry of Defence.

Libyan Shoot-down of Turkish UAVs Using UAE Air Defense Systems?

by defenceWeb

It appears the Pantsir-S1 air defence systems delivered by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to Libya have been used to shoot down over a dozen Turkish unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

This is according to unverified reports from the Libyan National Army (LNA), which said the Pantsir-S1 has destroyed 16 Turkish aircraft between November 2019 and March 2020. Some two dozen Turkish UAVs were destroyed over Libya, with the Pantsir-S1 accounting for half of them.

Recently, the Pantsir-S1 has apparently shot down four UAVs and a Mirage F1 fighter. Video emerged showing apparent Mirage F1 wreckage on 14 April, but few other details have been forthcoming.

The Pantsir-S1 has been in Libya since June 2019, when photos emerged showing what appeared to be Libyan National Army units escorting a Pantsir-S1 air defence system near al-Jufra Air Base in central Libya. The system was fitted to a MAN SX 45 8×8 truck, which is only in service with the United Arab Emirates, according to Jane’s Defence Weekly. It apparently arrived on a UAE military transport aircraft on 18 June.

The Pantsir-S1 system (SA-22 ‘Greyhound’) was designed by the KBP Instrument Design Bureau of Tula, Russia, and is manufactured by the Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant in Ulyanovsk. It combines two 2A38M 30 mm automatic anti-aircraft guns developed from the two-barrelled 30 mm GSh-30 gun, with twelve 57E6 surface-to-air missiles.

The Pantsir-S1 is mounted on an 8×8 vehicle and can fire at two targets simultaneously and attack 12 targets a minute. Effective range is 20 kilometres. It can engage artillery shells out to four kilometres.

The fire control system includes a target acquisition radar and dual waveband tracking radar with a detection range of 32–36 km and tracking range of 24–28 km for a mid-size target. The fire control system also includes an electro-optic channel with long-wave thermal imager and infrared direction finder.

The arrival of the Pantsir-S1 system may have been to counter Turkish-made UAVs, which have been used against LNA forces by the Government of National Accord during its move to capture Tripoli. At least one Pantsir-S1 system was apparently destroyed in November 2019.

Since 2014, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt have provided the LNA with military equipment, including Panthera T6, Typhoon and Caiman armoured vehicles, MiG-21 fighter aircraft and Mi-24/35P helicopters.

This article was published by defenceWeb on April 16, 2020.

 

Norway Releases its Long Term Defence Plan, 2020: Resilience as a Core Defense Capability

04/20/2020

On April 17, 2020, the Norwegian government released its Long Term Defence Plan.

The plan reaffirmed Norway’s commitment to increased defense spending and joint force modernization.

But it also underscored the continued efforts on national resilience which the current Coronavirus-19 crisis has underscored as a key requirement for national defense and security.

At the very beginning of the Long Term Defence Plan, the centrality of the resilience factor in national defense was highlighted.

“The complexity of threats and risks requires stronger and more flexible civil-military cooperation.

“We will continue to build resilience and civil preparedness in order to strengthen the ability of the nation to withstand and recover from attacks and incidents.

“The defense of Norway is dependent on a modern Total Defence framework, which enables relevant civilian assets to support the national and allied defense efforts during peacetime, crisis and armed conflict.”

And later in the report, the salience of the Total Defence approach and whole of government crisis management was underscored as well.

“Our overall defense effort relies heavily on a whole­ of­ government approach. The strategic environment necessitates an increased level of civil­ military cooperation to safeguard both societal and national security. The private and public sectors need to work together to strengthen resilience towards existing and emerging threats. Societal resilience is a key element in the defense of Norway.

“Civil­-military cooperation will be further modernized within the framework of the concept of Total Defence. The modernized Total Defence concept encompasses mutual support and cooperation between the Norwegian Armed Forces and civil society. This includes contingency planning, crisis management and consequence management across the entire crisis spectrum – from peace to security policy crisis and armed conflict.

“The principle of extensive civilian support to the Norwegian Armed Forces in crisis and in war is the core of the Total Defence concept. If neces­sary, all national resources can be mobilized in the defense of Norway. A modernized and prepared Total Defence concept provides a whole­ of­ society approach to current security issues and builds resilience and civil preparedness to counter com­ plex security challenges.”

This Norwegian and more generally Nordic approach underscoring national resilience as a key building block for 21st century defense certainly seems to be re-enforced by the challenges of managing the Coronavirus crisis. 

In an April 17, 2020 press release, the Norwegian government announced the release of its new long-term defense plan in these words:

A challenging strategic environment constantly reminds us that our freedom and security cannot be taken for granted. The Government continues to invest heavily in defense and security, to ensure that Norway remains a reliable, responsible and capable partner on the northern flank of the Alliance, says Norwegian Minister of Defence, Mr. Frank Bakke-Jensen.

The new Long Term Plan details a budget increase in the coming eight years. In 2028 the defense expenditure will increase to a level of 16,5 billion NOK above the 2020 budget.

We will also continue the work of identifying cost effective solutions wherever possible, both when conducting daily operations and when acquiring new equipment, says Mr. Bakke-Jensen,

Strengthened allied dimension

The defense of Norway starts outside our territorial borders and Norwegian participation in NATO operations and readiness forces is an integral part of the overall defense effort.

Norway plays an important role in NATO by operating in and monitoring the Arctic region, by providing situational awareness to the transatlantic security community. The strengthening of NATO’s maritime posture is an integral element of the ongoing adaptation of the Alliance and crucial to Norwegian and allied security.

Allied presence, training and exercise in and close to Norway are of fundamental importance. The Norwegian Armed Forces will continue to train and operate with key allies such as the USA, the UK, the Netherlands and Germany, and other units. The government will also continue the development of Norwegian host nation facilities.

Army

Norway will continue to develop the army. Brigade North will be developed with four maneuver battalions and with tactical and logistical support. The maneuver battalions will be equipped with new main battle tanks, mobile air defense systems and long-range precision fire. Increased firepower, higher readiness and increased sustainability will ensure that the Norwegian Armed Forces remain relevant in the new security environment.

In addition, the modernization of the Home Guard will continue, including an increased capacity to forward stage weapons, ammunition and other supplies.

Navy

Norway will strengthen the Navy with increased personnel volume. The frigates and submarines will undergo necessary upgrades. In addition, three new Coast Guard vessels will be introduced in the period 2021-2025. In order to preserve the maritime operational capability after 2030 the government will start the planning of replacement surface vessels. A decision concerning type and number of vessels will be made in the next planning period.

It is our ambition to acquire and implement future Navy capabilities in collaboration with close allies, says the Norwegian Minister of Defence.

Air Force

The introduction of new aircraft systems will have priority for the Air Force during the years leading up to 2025. The implementation of the F-35 Lightning II continues. P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft will replace the fleet of P-3 Orion.

To improve air defense capability, the NASAMS II air defense system will be upgraded with modern sensors, as well as the introduction of complementary capacity with shorter range.

This will contribute to countering threats against bases, and protect allied reception areas, says Mr. Bakke-Jensen.

In the long term, it will be assessed how long-range air defense systems can be introduced.

Home Guard

The modernization of the Home Guard will continue, including an increased capacity to forward stage weapons, ammunition and other supplies.

Special Forces

The ability of the Special Forces to contribute to both national and international operations will improve with increased personnel volume and one additional operations task group. The Bell 412 transport helicopters will be replaced by a new capacity that is better suited for the Special Forces.

Personnel and new technology

The highly skilled and dedicated military and civilian personnel of the defense sector is the backbone of the Norwegian force. The number of personnel will gradually be increased in order to strengthen the readiness and availability of the Armed Forces, and gradually generate enhanced combat power.

The current focus of personnel reforms is on diversifying the personnel structure in order to strengthen the capability and the readiness of the Norwegian Armed Forces, and on the further restructuring of the training and educational system.

Norway will also strengthen the system for innovation in the defense sector and adapt a comprehensive approach to technology exploitation.

The development of the Armed Forces is an ongoing and long-term undertaking. In 2016, the Government set out the course towards a more capable and sustainable defense force, better able to face the changing security environment. This new Long-Term Plan builds on that foundation. The Norwegian government continues to strengthen the capability and readiness of the defense of Norway, says Mr. Frank Bakke-Jensen, Norwegian Minister of Defence.

Also, see the following:

COVID-19: Norway Highlights Testing and International Cooperation as Key Response Elements

As well as our 2018 report on Nordic defense modernization:

Featured photo: Prime Minister Erna Solberg during The NATO exercise Trident Juncture in 2018. Credit: Ole-Sverre Haugli, Forsvaret

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